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will require additional work. The main principle is that a lot of the experi-
mental/investigative work has already been completed. A lot of knowl-
edge is built into these templates to be reused on new products. This does
require additional resources up front but can drastically reduce the time
between project kickoff and launch. Such methods do, however, require
organizational changes, as considerable engineering efforts are moved
into off-line development departments. It can be seen as an analogy to
creating a concept car to test new technology for future products, but in
this case the work is directly used for the next product generation.
Design in Context
Individual components cannot be constructed in isolation. CAD and
CAID models of components are designed within the context of part or
all of the product being developed. This is achieved using assembly-mod-
eling techniques. Other components' geometry can be seen and referenced
within the CAD tool being used. The other components within the subas-
sembly may or may not have been constructed in the same system, their
geometry being translated from other collaborative product-development
(CPD) formats. Some assembly checking such as DMU is also carried out
using product-visualization software.
Product and Process Life-Cycle Management
Product and process life-cycle management (PPLM) is an alternate
genre of PLM in which the process by which the product is made is just
as important as the product itself. Typically, this is the life sciences and
advanced specialty chemicals markets. The process behind the manufac-
ture of a given compound is a key element of the regulatory filing for a new
drug application. As such, PPLM seeks to manage information around the
development of the process in a similar fashion that baseline PLM talks
about managing information around development of the product.
One variant of PPLM implementations involves the use of process-
development execution systems (PDESs). These typically implement the
whole development cycle of high-tech manufacturing technology develop-
ments, from initial conception through development and into manufac-
ture. PDESs integrate people with different backgrounds from potentially
different legal entities as well as from different data, information and
knowledge, and business processes.
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