Behavioural change measures (‘Smarter Choices’) - Transport Policy and Planning in Great Britain - page 260

Box 16.2 Types of soft measure
Workplace travel plans - a package of measures introduced by employers (singly
or collectively at a particular location) aimed at encouraging and enabling their
employees to reduce their car mileage (These measures may include car sharing,
teleworking and teleconferencing below, and car pools for business use)
School travel plans - a package of measures introduced at an individual school to
encourage and enable children to travel to school more sustainably. (Particularly
likely to include the promotion of walking and cycling)
* Residential travel plans - a package of measures introduced within a housing
development aimed at lowering personal car ownership and/or encouraging and
enabling residents to travel more sustainably. (May include car club or car sharing
schemes below)
Personalised travel planning - offer to individuals of information carefully targeted to
their personal and locational circumstances to encourage and enable them to travel
more sustainably. (May be included as part of workplace and residential travel plans)
Public transport information and marketing - advertising campaigns, the provision of
information in more accessible formats and simplified ticketing schemes
Travel awareness campaigns - a range of media aimed at improving general public
awareness of the implications of transport choices, and information about problem
solving including changing travel behaviour
Car clubs - an alternative to private car ownership where individuals are encouraged
to join a club which gives them access to a number of vehicles parked in their
neighbourhood on a 'pay as you go' basis
Car sharing scheme - where individuals are encouraged to share their private
vehicles for particular journeys (also known as 'car pooling')
Teleworking - where employers encourage employees to adopt a range of working
practices remote from their main workplace, including working at home, for all or part
of the time
Teleconferencing - where telecommunication is used to facilitate contacts/meetings
that would otherwise have involved business travel
Home shopping - where customers purchase goods which are subsequently
delivered directly to them rather than purchasing and transporting them from a store
* Not included in the Smarter Choices report - see 16.5
Source: Based on S Cairns et al. (forthcoming)
the organisation concerned and for traffic levels in the vicinity of its site. These can
act as strong motivators in promoting and gaining acceptance of such schemes on a
voluntary basis. By contrast the traffic benefits of personalised travel planning and
travel awareness schemes are dispersed over place and time - hence their dependence
on public funding.