Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 8.7
Estimates of global sulfur emissions
(
Tg S year
−
1
)
Sources
Total
a
H
2
S
3
SCH
3
CS
2
OCS SO
2
SO
4
Fossil-fuel combustion
+
industry
Total reduced S
=
2
.
2
70
2.2
71-77 (68/6) (mid 1980s)
Biomass burning
<
0
.
01?
—
<
0
.
01?
0.075
2.8
0.1
2.2-3.0 (1.4/1.1)
15-25 (8.4/11.6)
b
Oceans
<
0
.
3
15-25
0.08
0.08 — 40-320
Wetlands
0.006-1.1 0.003-0.68 0.0003-0.06 — —
—
0.01-2 (0.8/0.2)
0.25-0.78 (0.3/0.2)
c
Plants
+
soils
0.17-0.53 0.05-0.16
0.02-0.05 — — 2-4
Volcanoes
0.5-1.5
—
—
0.01
7-8
2-4
9.3-11.8 (7.6/3.0)
Total anthropogenic
73-80
Total natural (excluding sea salt and soil dust)
25-40
To t a l
98-120
a
Numbers in parentheses are fluxes from northern/southern hemispheres.
b
Excluding contributions from sea salt.
c
Excluding contributions from soil dust.
Source
: Seinfeld and Pandis (1998). Reproduced by permission of Wiley, New York.
