Database Reference
In-Depth Information
16
Virtualizing Resources
for the Cloud
Mohammad Hammoud and Majd F. Sakr
CONTENTS
16.1
Why Virtualization? .................................................................................... 497
16.1.1 Enabling the Cloud Computing System Model .............................. 497
16.1.2 Elasticity ......................................................................................... 498
16.1.3 Resource Sandboxing ..................................................................... 498
16.1.4 Improved System Utilization and Reduced Costs and Energy
Consumption ................................................................................... 498
16.1.5 Facilitating Big Data Analytics ....................................................... 499
16.1.6 Mixed-OS Environment .................................................................. 500
16.1.7 Facilitating Research ......................................................................500
16.2
Limitations of General-Purpose Operating Systems .................................. 501
16.3
Managing System Complexity .................................................................... 502
16.3.1 Levels of Abstractions..................................................................... 502
16.3.2 Well-Defined Interfaces .................................................................. 503
16.4
What Is Virtualization? .............................................................................. 504
16.5
Virtual Machine Types ............................................................................... 506
16.5.1 Process Virtual Machines ................................................................ 506
16.5.2 System Virtual Machines ............................................................... 507
16.6
CPU Virtualization ..................................................................................... 508
16.6.1 The Conditions for Virtualizing ISAs ............................................. 508
16.6.2 Full Virtualization and Paravirtualization ....................................... 511
16.6.3 Emulation ........................................................................................ 512
16.6.4 Uniprocessor and Multiprocessor VMs .......................................... 514
16.6.5 Virtual CPU Scheduling and Xen's Schedulers ............................. 515
16.7
Memory Virtualization ............................................................................... 516
16.7.1 One-Level Page Mapping ............................................................... 516
16.7.2 Two-Level Page Mapping ............................................................... 517
16.7.3 Memory Over-Commitment ........................................................... 519
16.7.4 Reclamation Techniques and VMWare Memory Ballooning ........ 519
16.8
I/O Virtualization ....................................................................................... 521
16.8.1 I/O Basics ........................................................................................ 521
16.8.2 Virtualizing I/O Devices ................................................................. 522
16.8.3 Xen's Approach to I/O Virtualization ............................................. 524
16.8.4 A Taxonomy of Virtualization Suites ............................................. 524
495
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