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Figure 6.10 (a) Synthesis of a monoclonal antibody decorated with luminescent lanthanoid
chelates. (b) Two ways of specifically detecting a biomarker expressed by a cell.
Redrawn
with permission from [83]. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society.
effective way, since only very small volumes of reactants and expensive lanthanoid-
decorated bioconjugates are needed. An interesting development of this technology has
been the simultaneous immunohistochemical detection of two biomarkers expressed by
cells in human breast cancer tissue sections. These markers are oestrogen receptors (ER)
Scheme 6.4 Ligand used for conjugating helicates to avidin or monoclonal antibodies.
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