Nanostructural Chemically Bonded Ca-Aluminate Based Bioceramics - Biomaterials: Physics and Chemistry - page 63

- Reduced/no post-operative sensitivity, environmentally friendly and no allergy
- Optimized consistency and setting properties for the intended application
- Reliable clinical handling performance
- Hydrophilic acid-base system with no extra bonding or no dry field precaution
- Fast and easy clinical handling, no pre-treatment of tooth necessary
- Excellent retentive and mechanical properties, no degradation of properties over time
- Durable tooth-material restoration interface (longevity).
Below are presented in more details the state-of-the-art for different possible applications of
Ca-aluminate based materials.

4.1.1 Dental cement
Long-term success after cementation of indirect restorations depends on retention as well as
maintenance of the integrity of the marginal seal. Sealing properties of great importance
deal with microleakage resistance, the retention developed between the dental cement and
the environment, compressive strength and acid resistance. Data presented below support
the Ca-aluminate-system as highly relevant for dental cement materials. Integration with
tooth tissue is a powerful feature and the foundation of the Ca-aluminate technology
platform. Secondary caries occurs not only after filling procedures but also after other
restorative procedures such as the cementation of crowns and bridges. The consequence of
the difference in the mechanism of action between Ca-aluminate products and conventional
products is illustrated by the study presented in details in (Pameijer et al , 2008, 2009),
illustrated in Figure 2 below. It shows that the micro leakage, measured by dye penetration
after thermo cycling, of a leading dental cement (Ketac Cem®, 3M) was significantly higher,
both before and after thermo cycling compared to Ceramir C&B, a Ca-aluminate based
product recently approved by FDA. This has also recently been verified using techniques for
studying actual bacterial leakage. The above described nanostructural precipitation upon
tissue walls, biomaterials and within the original Ca-aluminate paste is the main reason for
this, in addition to a high acid corrosion resistance.
General properties of the CAPH-system used as dental cement have been presented
(Pameijer et al, 2008), see Fig. 7 and Table 12 below. General features of all the dental cement
classes available are presented as a summary in Table 13 below.

Mean Micro Leakage

1,4

1,2

1

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0

No Thermo cycling After thermo cycling

XeraCem™ Ketac Cem

Fig. 7. Micro leakage leakage of a Ca-aluminate based material (blue) and Ketac Cem (red).