Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Radiological and clinical exams with Computer Tomography Dental Scan and Telecranium
x ray in two proiections with cefalometric study were performed to evaluet bony and soft
tissues. After 1 month surgery was performed: two fixures with abutment have been
positioned in the right mastoid bone, Then the left auricular was positionated to restablish
the normal structures of the face. In the same surgical time, two porous polyetylene
prosthesis were implanted in the malar region, to restore the sagittal diameter of the middle
third of the face; other two porous polyetylene prosthesis were implanted on the
mandibular angle and one more prosthesis was implated on the sinphisis, to restore the
transversal and sagittal diameter of the thrid inferior of face. After three mounths an
auricular prosthesis associated to Polyacrylamide implant, was positioned in bilateral pre-
auricular area
(FIGURE 10).
Clinical and radiological follow-up demonstrated a good
integration of implants and the biomaterial.
Fig. 10. Frontal view of the patient after treatment
3. Ultrasonography monitor follow-up
The ideal biomaterial should be easy to implant and to remove, and simple to be identified
by a low-dose radiation and low-cost radiologic technique. Authors wanted to evaluate
ultrasonography (US) as a technique in monitoring biomaterial status after operation.
Ultrasonography has been shown as an excellent way to visualize clinical features and a
possible pathologic process of an implanted biomaterial; it is a non-invasive, low-radiation
and low-cost dose radiologic technique. Reconstruction in facial deficit diseases needs
adequate biomaterial to implant and a careful patients observation, that is, both clinical and
radiologic. Ultrasonography is a fundamental component of the follow up of implanted
biomaterial patients. the use of synthetic materials instead of an autolog tissue is codified
from years and is widely diffused. In the last years, maxillofacial surgery has adopted
poliacrilamide for the soft tissue, which is already used in esthetic surgery such as ''last
generation filler'' to overwhelm the defects of the time such as wrinkles and furrows. Such
material has replaced paraffin and silicone fluid used in the 1960s, and collagen and analogs
used in the 1980s.In the same years, Conley and Baker experienced some slow-resorption
synthetic materials that, when inserted in the derma, overwhelmed cutaneous
imperfections. The biomaterials used until that moment were all very well tolerated, but
they introduced the disadvantage of being ''statics'' materials, concrete, and above all,
temporary. In the last few years, poliacrilamide has replaced, in part, the use of these
