Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
22
Histopatological Effect Characteristics of
Various Biomaterials and Monomers Used in
Polymeric Biomaterial Production
Serpil Ünver Saraydin
1
and Dursun Saraydin
2
1
Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Histology and Embryology Sivas,
2
Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry Sivas,
Turkey
1. Introduction
When a synthetic material is placed within the human body, tissue reacts towards the
implant in a variety of ways depending on the material type. The mechanism of tissue
interaction (if any) depends on the tissue response to the implant surface. In general, there
are three terms in which a biomaterial may be described in or classified into representing the
tissues responses. These are bioinert, bioresorbable, and bioactive.
Biomaterials are often used and/or adapted for a medical application, thus comprises whole
or part of living structures or biomedical devices which performs, augments, or replaces
biological functions. Biomaterials are used in dental and surgical applications, in controlled
drug delivery applications. A biomaterial may be an autograft, an allograft or a xenograft
used as a transplant material.
Biomaterials are mostly polymers produced by monomers, and are used in artificial organ
production in contemporary medicine. They are prepared by the polymerization reaction of
certain monomers.
In several previous studies, we investigated whether acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-
isopropylacrylamide, acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and
ethylene glycol had cytotoxic effects and induced apoptosis or not in spinal cord.
Immunolocalization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was also determined, and it was
evaluated by using semi-quantitative morphometrical techniques. The cytotoxicity of
monomers on cultured fibroblastic cell lines was also examined
in vitro
.
Acrylic acid had the most cytotoxic effect when compared to the methacrylamide and the
ethylene glycol groups. GFAP immunoreactivity was found to be rather stronger in the
methacrylamide than the other monomers application groups. The methacrylamide,
acrylic acid, N-vynil pyrrolidine, acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide and 2-hydroxyethyl
methacrylate application groups had TUNEL positive cells when compared to the other
groups. While some monomers used in biomaterial production seemed not to affect the
cell viability and GFAP immunoreactivity, some other monomers had adverse effects on
those features. This in turn may contribute to the pathological changes associated to the
monomer type.
