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C A closer look shows the hybrid state of the C and O atoms. This allows the bonding
to be classified as
σ
(15 of these) or
π
(1 of these) bonds.
Do not stop here. Look even harder.
D Some additional things include: the oxygen lone pairs; the tetrahedral (
sp
3
) and
trigonal (
sp
2
) shapes; the polar bonds to the electronegative oxygen (inductive effect);
the four coplanar carbons, because of the flat shape of the C
]
C carbon atoms.
Q 1.7.
Apply Program 2 mentioned above to the following molecular
structures.
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