Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
subterranean clover (
Trifolium subterraneum
L.)-durum wheat 2-year rota-
tion (with the legume interseeded in wheat) (Rotation 3), were compared
for each crop management system. Each phase of the rotation was present
every year. Berseem clover (
Trifolium alexandrinum
L.) replaced subterra-
nean clover in CS from the second rotation cycle onwards. Both legumes
were used in CS as a forage crop, whilst in LIS, subterranean clover was
used as a cover crop. Manure was applied in neither CS nor LIS according
to mainstream Italian agricultural systems, which are often characterized
by complete separation of fodder production and animal husbandry.
The experimental design was a split plot with three replicates, with crop
management systems in the main plots and crop rotations in the sub-plots.
Sub-plot size was 360 m
2
(9
×
40 m). Soil was sampled before tillage in the
Table 3.8.2.
ANOVA results.
Soil organic
matter
Total
nitrogen
Assimilable
P
2
O
5
Aggregate
stability
Soil depth (cm)
0-7 7-30 0-30
0-7 7-30 0-30
0-7 7-30 0-30
0-7 7-30 0-30
1993
System
mean effect
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Rotation
mean effect
ns
*
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Sys.
×
rot.
interaction
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
1995
System
mean effect
ns
ns
-
-
-
-
-
-
ns
ns
ns
*
Rotation
mean effect
ns
ns
ns
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
ns
*
Sys.
×
rot.
interaction
ns
ns
ns
-
-
-
-
-
-
ns
ns
ns
1997
System
mean effect
**
ns
**
**
*
**
*
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Rotation
mean effect
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
***
Sys.
×
rot.
interaction
ns
ns
ns
*
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Year
mean effect
**
ns
*** ***
ns
ns
ns
System
a
mean effect
*
ns
*
*
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Rotation
a
mean effect
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
*
rot.
a
Sys.
×
interaction
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Year
×
sys.
interaction
*** *** *
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Year
×
rot.
interaction
ns
*
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
*
ns
ns
Year
sys.
rot.
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
×
×
a
Analysis for the 3 years.
ns, Not significant;
*
significant at 5% level;
**
significant at 1% level.
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