Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
followed by the
Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity
in
2001
and the
Istanbul Declaration
in 2002. In addition, the Proclamation of the
Masterpieces of
the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
commenced in 2001 to raise aware-
ness of intangible cultural heritage. It was with this background that the CSICH was
adopted in 2003 and came into force in 2006.
The CSICH recognizes the interdependence of intangible and tangible cultural
heritage and natural heritage, threats to its survival, and the important role of com-
munities (particularly indigenous communities) in the “production, safeguarding,
maintenance and recreation of the intangible cultural heritage”.
21
The aims of the
CSICH include safeguarding, ensuring respect for, and raising awareness of, the
importance of intangible cultural heritage and providing international cooperation
and assistance.
22
'Intangible heritage' is defined broadly and the five domains in
which it may be manifested are noted as: oral traditions and expressions, including
language; performing arts; social practices, rituals and festive events; knowledge
and practices concerning nature and the universe; and traditional craftsmanship.
23
The definition of 'safeguarding', under Article 2, focuses on ensuring the viability
of the intangible cultural heritage, its transmission and, where necessary, revitaliza-
tion. The role of education, both informal and formal is also emphasized. An
Intergovernmental Committee is established to promote the objects of the
Convention, provide guidance, make recommendations on measures for the safe-
guarding of intangible cultural heritage, as well as establish procedures for inscrip-
tion on the CSICH lists.
24
The obligations of state parties are set out in Part III and
include the identification of intangible heritage within their territories and the
preparation of inventories. Relevant heritage is to be identified with full participa-
tion of all stakeholders, with the form of the inventories to be determined by the
individual countries. Thereafter the obligations are to safeguard heritage by devel-
oping a national policy, designating a relevant body, fostering research, and adopt-
ing legal, technical, financial and administrative measures.
25
The treaty also
provides specific guidance to facilitate protection, including education, awareness
raising and capacity building and the full participation, consent and involvement of
communities.
26
The only other state responsibilities include periodic reporting on
legislative, regulatory and other measures taken.
27
Reciprocally, the international
21
Preamble to the
Convention on the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
22
Article 1 of the
Convention on the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
23
In particular noting that it must be “recognized” by a community, group or individual and is
being “constantly recreated”; also that it includes associated tangible heritage such as “cultural
spaces” and “instruments, objects and artefacts”: Article 2.
24
Articles 5 and 7 of the
Convention on the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
25
Particular reference is made to establishing training and documentation institutions and ensuring
access to the intangible cultural heritage while respecting customary practices: Article 13 of the
Convention on the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
26
Articles 14 and 15 respectively.
27
Article 29 of the
Convention on the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
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