Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors Among Jeju Islanders, South Korea - Island Futures: Conservation and Development Across the Asia-Pacific Region - page 114

Table 9.3 Question items for measuring environmentalism (Dunlap et al. 2000 )
1. We are approaching the limit of the number of people the earth can support
2. Humans have the right to modify the natural environment to suit their needs
3. When humans interfere with nature it often produces disastrous consequences
4. Human ingenuity will insure that we do not make the earth unlivable
5. Humans are severely abusing the environment
6. The earth has plenty of natural resources if we just learn how to develop them
7. Plants and animals have as much right as humans to exist
8. The balance of nature is strong enough to cope with the impacts of modern industrial
nations
9. Despite our special abilities humans are still subject to the laws of nature
10. The so-called ecological crisis facing humankind has been greatly exaggerated
11. The earth is like a spaceship with very limited room and resources
12. Humans were meant to rule over the rest of nature
13. The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset
14. Humans will eventually learn enough about how nature works to be able to control it
15. If things continue on their present course, we will soon experience a major ecological
catastrophe
Table 9.4 Question items for measuring environmental
behavior (Mullins et al. 2004 )
1. Reduce use of a car
2. Drive a smaller car
3. Reduce use of electronic goods
4. Reduce water consumption
5. Reduce purchases of luxuries
6. Reduce use of electricity
7. Repair household goods rather than buy new ones
8. Recycle household goods
9. Avoid the use of air-conditioner and/or heaters
10. Take holidays closer to home
11. Reduce household waste
12. Move to a smaller house
considered to be a direct reflection of environmental behavior (Chang 2004 : 64).
The correlation between intentions and behavior has been shown to be higher than
between other aspects of attitude and behavior (e.g., Chan and Yam 1995 ).
Furthermore, the relationship is stronger if the intention and behavior are in the
same settings (e.g., Wall 1995 ).
Environmental behavior was measured by using the questionnaire developed by
Mullins et al. ( 2004 ). This consists of 12 items (see Table 9.4 ), which were measured
on a six-point Likert scale, ranging from 'already in practice' (6) to “absolutely
impossible to practice' (1).
The data collected from the 500 respondents were analyzed using SPSS
(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) computer program.