Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
The particulate nature of matter
c
The white cloud formed further from the cotton
wool soaked in ammonia.
d
Cooling the concentrated ammonia and
hydrochloric acid before carrying out the
experiment increased the time taken for the
white cloud to form.
6
The following diagram shows the three states of
matter and how they can be interchanged.
●
Additional questions
1 a
Draw diagrams to show the arrangement of
particles in:
(ii)
solid lead
(ii)
molten lead
(iii)
gaseous lead.
b
Explain how the particles move in these three
states of matter.
c
Explain, using the kinetic theory, what happens
to the particles in oxygen as it is cooled down.
2
Explain the meaning of each of the following
terms. In your answer include an example to help
with your explanation.
a
Expansion.
b
Contraction.
c
Physical change.
solid
A
E
B
C
d
Sublimation.
e
Diffusion.
f
Random motion.
3 a
Why do solids not diffuse?
b
Give two examples of diffusion of gases and
liquids found in the house.
4
Use the kinetic theory to explain the following:
a
When you take a block of butter out of
the fridge, it is quite hard. However, after
15 minutes it is soft enough to spread.
b
When you come home from school and open the
door you can smell your tea being cooked.
c
A football is blown up until it is hard on a hot
summer's day. In the evening the football feels
softer.
d
When a person wearing perfume enters a room
it takes several minutes for the smell to reach the
back of the room.
e
A windy day is a good drying day.
5
The apparatus shown below was set up.
liquid
gas
D
a
Name the changes
A
to
E
.
b
Name a substance which will undergo change
E
.
c
Name a substance which will undergo changes from
solid to liquid to gas between 0 °C and 100 °C.
d
Describe what happens to the particles of the
solid during change
E
.
e
Which of the changes
A
to
E
will involve:
(ii)
an input of heat energy?
(ii)
an output of heat energy?
7
Some nickel(ii)
ii
) sulfate solution was carefully placed
in the bottom of a beaker of water. The beaker was
then covered and left for several days.
beaker
water
stopper
white cloud
glass tube
nickel(
II
)
sulfate
solution
a
Describe what you would see after:
(ii)
a few hours
(ii)
several days.
b
Explain your answer to
a
using your ideas of the
kinetic theory of particles.
c
What is the name of the physical process that
takes place in this experiment?
cotton wool soaked
in concentrated
hydrochloric acid
cotton wool soaked
in concentrated
ammonia solution
Give explanations for the following observations.
a
The formation of a white cloud.
b
It took a few minutes before the white cloud
formed.
