Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Checklist
After studying Chapter 6 you should know and understand the
following terms.
•
Aerobic decay
Decay which takes place in the presence
of oxygen.
•
Anaerobic decay
Decay which takes place in the absence
of oxygen.
•
Bond energy
An amount of energy associated with a
particular bond in a molecular element or compound.
•
Chain reaction
A nuclear reaction which is self-sustaining
as a result of one of the products causing further reactions.
•
Chemical cell
A system for converting chemical energy to
electrical energy.
•
Combustion
A chemical reaction in which a substance
reacts rapidly with oxygen with the production of heat and
light.
•
Endothermic reaction
A chemical reaction which absorbs
heat energy from its surroundings.
•
Enthalpy
Energy stored in chemical bonds, given the
symbol
H
.
•
Enthalpy change
Given the symbol Δ
H
, it represents the
difference between energies of reactants and products.
•
Enthalpy of combustion
The enthalpy change which
takes place when one mole of a substance is completely
burned in oxygen.
•
Enthalpy of fusion
The enthalpy change that takes place
when one mole of a solid is changed to one mole of liquid
at the same temperature.
•
Enthalpy of neutralisation
The enthalpy change which
takes place when one mole of hydrogen ions is completely
neutralised.
•
Enthalpy of vaporisation
The enthalpy change that
takes place when one mole of liquid is changed to one mole
of vapour at the same temperature.
•
Exothermic reaction
A chemical reaction that releases
heat energy into its surroundings.
•
Fossil fuels
Fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas,
formed from the remains of plants and animals.
•
Hydrocarbon
A substance which contains atoms of
carbon and hydrogen only.
•
Non-renewable energy sources
Sources of energy,
such as fossil fuels, which take millions of years to form and
which we are using up at a rapid rate.
•
Nuclear fission
The disintegration of a radioactive
nucleus into two or more lighter fragments. The energy
released in the process is called nuclear energy.
•
Oil refining
The general process of converting the
mixture that is collected as crude oil into separate fractions.
These fractions, known as petroleum products, are used
as fuels, lubricants, bitumens and waxes. The fractions
are separated from the crude oil mixture by fractional
distillation.
•
Organic compounds
Substances whose molecules
contain one or more carbon atoms covalently bonded with
another element (including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, the
halogens as well as phosphorus, silicon and sulfur).
•
Renewable energy
Sources of energy which cannot be
used up or which can be made at a rate faster than the rate
of use.
