Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Human Cytomegalovirus microRNAs
P. J. Fannin Rider , W. Dunn , E. Yang , F. Liu ( ΓΌ )
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
miRNA Biogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Location and Conservation of HCMV miRNAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Mapping of HCMV miRNAs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
HCMV miRNA Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Genomic Arrangement of HCMV miRNAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
HCMV miRNA Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Kinetic Classes of HCMV miRNAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Tissue-Specifi c HCMV miRNA Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Latent Versus Lytic Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Potential Function of HCMV miRNAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22 nucleotide RNAs that mediate
the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs regulate diverse
cellular processes such as development, differentiation, cell cycling, apoptosis, and
immune responses. More than 400 miRNAs have been identified in humans and it
is predicted that over 30% of human gene transcripts are regulated via miRNAs.
Since 2004, many viral miRNAs have been described in several families of viruses.
More than half of currently known viral miRNAs are encoded by viruses of the
human Herepsviridae and 14 miRNAs have been found to be encoded by Human
cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Thus far, HCMV is the only betaherpesvirus in which
miRNAs have been described and these miRNAs possess many characteristics,
including their genomic arrangement and temporal/spatial expression, which distin-
guish them from the other known herpesvirus miRNAs described. As a herpesvirus,
F. Liu
Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Public Health, 140 Warren
Hall, University of California, Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA
liu_fy@uclink4.berkeley.edu
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