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by A.L. Alwine, this volume) and these genes will also impact viral control of apop-
tosis. Three types of cell death-apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy-have been well
characterized by morphology, biochemical events, and host responses (Leist and
Jaattela 2001; Jaattela 2004; Lockshin and Zakeri 2004; Vandenabeele et al. 2006;
Golstein and Kroemer 2007). Given overlapping regulation and expectations from
cellular homologs with cross-inhibitory properties, future efforts will undoubtedly
reveal as yet unappreciated connections between CMV antiapoptotic proteins and
other cell death pathways. In summary, the cell tropism of CMV (Mocarski et al.
2006) likely means the virus must be armed against multiple forms of death and the
combination of all suppressors encoded by the virus likely balances the apoptotic
threshold in a direction supporting replication.
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