Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Subversion of Cell Cycle Regulatory Pathways
V. Sanchez , D. H. Spector (
ΓΌ
)
Contents
The Host Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
The Effect of HCMV on the Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Cell Cycle Arrest and cdk Dysregulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Checkpoint Control and DNA Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Inhibition of Cellular DNA Replication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Regulation of Cellular RNA Transcription and Protein Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Importance of Subversion of the Cell Cycle for the Viral Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Cell Cycle Arrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Checkpoint Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in Viral Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in Viral RNA Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has evolved numerous strategies
to commandeer the host cell for producing viral progeny. The virus manipulates
host cell cycle pathways from the early stages of infection to stimulate viral DNA
replication at the expense of cellular DNA synthesis. At the same time, cell cycle
checkpoints are by-passed, preventing apoptosis and allowing sufficient time for
the assembly of infectious virus.
The Host Cell Cycle
To understand the effects of HCMV on the host cell cycle, it is necessary to first
present a brief overview of the phases of the cell cycle and the major regulatory
proteins involved (see Fig. 1). The cell cycle is a finely orchestrated sequence of
D.H. Spector
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093-0712 , USA
dspector@ucsd.edu
