Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
• Parameters tested - additional parameters with respect to toxic substances should be
included in the monitoring program, such as toxic metals, grease and oil, selected
synthetic organic compounds and trace elements.
• Laboratory backup - the proposed extended monitoring program would require a
corresponding back up in terms of laboratory facilities, equipment and trained
personnel.
• Quality assurance and records - these two aspects need to be given a specific emphasis
in order to obtain reliable data and to store it in an easy to use and comprehensive
way.
The management aspects related to the diffuse pollution problems of Mbabane River
require a multidisciplinary approach and the implementation of technical, social and
educational activities. The following problems require specific and urgent attention:
• The status of the treatment plant - it should be given priority, as it is the major source of
pollution of the Mbabane River. During the period of study the reconstruction of this
facility was envisaged. The plant is located in a narrow valley, with very steep slopes
of the surrounding hills. The original choice of a stabilization pond system could not
be evaluated as very appropriate, as the place is difficult to access and in addition
there is not enough space for expansion. The reconstruction of the plant should look at
the provision of a more compact treatment scheme, where the existing ponds could be
cleaned and transformed into a wetland system for effluent polishing. Special attention
should be given to a proper access road in order to provide for the smooth operation
and maintenance of the plant. The implementation of such a management decision
would require the provision of the necessary funding, for the completion of the whole
project, including the design, construction and initial operation phases, together with
the proper training of the required human resources for the plant operation.
• The status of the solid waste management - it could be classified as a substantial source
of diffuse pollution. The proper organization of the refuse collection, provisions for
refuse containers at all important public places, and the proper disposal and treatment
of the collected solid waste forms the technical base for a successful solution.
However, this problem has a social aspect as well, and needs to be backed-up by a
well-organized educational and public awareness program.
• The illegal discharges from industrial sites, residential, institutional and commercial
areas - the technicalsolutions in this respect would include regular inspections and the
control of water quality, which could help to identify the most important polluters and
provide for improved sanitation facilities and preliminary treatment of effluents. The
existing municipal by-laws should provide a provision and basis for such activities and
should be supported by the necessary institutional set-up and laboratory facilities.
However, no technical or managerial measure could succeed if there is no appropriate
social behavior, awareness and understanding about the risks of illegal discharges and
the possible effects on the whole society. Therefore, the development and
implementation of such programs is an important requirement for successful solutions
of the problems associated with the diffuse pollution of Mbabane River.
