Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The different land use practices identified did not show a significant difference in
pollutant concentrations. This fact could be due to the relatively low runoff volume
during the study period. A comparison with results from Chapter 4 shows the same trend
in respect to TP and ammonia, but in this study area, the COD concentrations were lower,
while Pb values at F were higher
The method applied to evaluate pollution fluxes in cases when natural streams water
qualities are examined, showed that the major impact on stream water quality is due to
the sharp increase of pollutant constituents along the stretch from the control point to
point F, in the upper reaches of the stream. The impact of runoff from areas located
downstream of point F was relatively low due to the comparable values of the pollutant
constituents in the runoff and in the stream and the relatively low volume of the runoff
during this period.
Based on the results of this study, it could be recommended that the monitoring of
water quality in low-income areas should be directed towards the evaluation of the water
quality status of natural streams, and should be executed as an integrated part of a larger
scale monitoring programs, rather than individual monitoring exercises. Such an
approach could allow the concentration of efforts to obtain a full data set of EMCs with
respect to major points of interest and the possibility for accurate pollution loads or fluxes
evaluation and trend variations. The recommended management options were stressing
on a proper solid waste managing practice and the implementation of source control
methods for pollution abatement.
Acknowledgements -
The authors would like to thank the management of the WREM
program for the financial support offered during this study. To the technical staff of the
laboratories of the Departments of Civil Engineering and Geology at the University of
Zimbabwe - thanks for their assistance during the sampling and laboratory analysis work.
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