Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
participation, etc. A more detailed listing of possible non-structural measures is given
below:
• Good housekeeping such as oil collection and recycling, spill response, regular
household and hazard-ous waste collection, pesticide controls, increased frequency of
street sweeping.
• Public education programs, aiming at an increased public awareness regarding the
impacts of diffusepollution and environmental issues in general.
• Improved regulatory instruments to control pollution generation at source, which
should:
Require that developers comply with storm water regulations and incorporate
erosion and sedimentcontrol structural abatement measures.
Require that owners take personal responsibility for proper housekeeping measures
and maintenanceof drainage structures.
To formalize the informal practice of small-scale urban agriculture, by providing
temporary permitsfor such activities at selected locations and prohibit cultivation
near stream banks, to avoid erosion.
• Efforts to identify and eliminate illicit discharges to storm water sewers. This is
achieved by identifyingfailing septic systems, review of building plans and conducting
site visits (inspections) at commercial and industrial facilities to verify connections to
the storm water and sanitary sewers, identify where they drain and to determine
whether a permit is required. Inspectors could also check the flow in drains and other
potential discharge pathways for compliance and educate the owner/operator about
improper discharges.
3 ASSESSING URBAN STORM WATER QUALITY
3.1
The study area
The study area (Fig. 4.1) is similar to the one described in Chapter 3. It includes drainage
area (DA) 1 (3.22 km
2
), comprising of the city's central business district and corresponds
exactly to the drainage area DRA1 as described in Chapter 3, section 5.2. DA 2 (2.32
km
2
) and DA3 (8.24 km
2
) correspond to DRA2 as described in Chapter 3 and are drained
by the Coventry Rd. drainage channel. During this study, two sample points were
selected along this channel (SP2 and SP3) in order to compare the results and to evaluate
if a statistically significant variation of water quality exists along the channel for portions
of the total drained area with different land use characteristics. DA 2 drains the upper
reaches of the channel. Its profile is complex comprising of different types of land use
practices, including medium density residential, commercial and industrial areas. The
industrial enterprises include meat processing, dairy products processing, a power station,
smaller businesses and automotive garages. DA 3 is of a mixed pattern too. However, it
contains a larger percentage of open spaces and medium size residential areas. The
Workington industrial area forms part of DA3 and consists of smaller scale industrial and
commercial enterprises with predominantly dry industrial processes. DA 4 (3.22 km
2
)
