Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Pongracz (1983) claimed that rootstocks with a
V. vinifera
parent would not
exhibit long-term resistance to phylloxera. This view was vindicated by the emer-
gence in California, in the early 1980s, of a more virulent phylloxera strain (type
B), which overcame the resistance of established rootstocks with
V. vinifera
par-
ents (e.g., AXR#1), necessitating a complete reappraisal of commercial rootstocks.
The most favored rootstocks for imparting phylloxera resistance are derived from
North American species, the more important being
V. riparia
,
V. rupestris
,
V.
berlandieri,
and
V. champini
. A summary of the more widely used rootstocks for
phylloxera resistance, with their parentage and important attributes, is given in
table 7.4.
Commercial Rootstocks and Their Resistance to Phylloxera
a
Table 7.4
Resistance to
Rootstock
Parentage
Phylloxera
Distribution and Other Attributes
Riparia Gloire
de Montpellier
V. riparia
Very high
Widely used in France, Italy, and
California; low vigor; being
replaced by
riparia
berlandieri
hybrids
Widely used in nonirrigated soils
in California; deep rooted and of
high vigor
Widely used in Europe; suitable for
droughty sites, but too vigorous for
fertile, deep soils
Selected in southern Italy; more
drought tolerant than 110 R;
vigorous
Selected in Sicily, similar to 1103
P; also used in California and
Australia
Rupestris du Lot
(Rupestris St. George)
V. rupestris
High to very high
110 R (Richter)
V. rupestris
V. berlandieri
High
1103 P (Paulsen)
V. rupestris
V. berlandieri
High
140 Ru (Ruggeri)
V. rupestris
V. berlandieri
High
“True” SO-4
V. berlandieri
V. riparia
High
Widely used in Europe and
California, also Australia; low
vigor (confused with Teleki 5C in
California for many years)
Used in Australia, California, and
parts of Europe; best on clay loam
and clay soils
Used in Australia, California
and New Zealand; moderate
5 C Teleki
V. berlandieri
V. riparia
High
Schwarzmann
V. riparia
V. rupestris
High
vigor; does not tolerate
summer drought
Used in Europe, California, and to
some extent in Australia; not
3309 C (Couderc)
V. riparia
V. rupestris
Moderate
suitable for dryland sites
Widely used in irrigated areas on
sandy soils in Australia; very
vigorous; similar to Dogridge
used in California
Ramsey (also called
Salt Creek)
V. champini
Moderate
a
Classification of resistance in France is on a scale of 1-5, with class 1 being “immune” and class 5 being “very
susceptible.” The system in Australia is similar with 4 classes, excluding the “immune” class.
Source:
Compiled from May (1994), Wolpert et al. (1994), and Walker (1999)
