Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The ISO14000 standard was issued in June 1997. LCA is summarized as four
organic associated parts: defining goals and determining the range; inventory
analysis; impact assessment; and interpretation. LCA is one of the international
standardization systems.
The main purpose of LCA for the product is to seek opportunities and methods
to improve the environmental impact of products, to provide technical support for
product eco-design and development. A series of new design concepts and methods
became a hot topic of research and application in industry, such as life cycle design
(LCD), life cycle engineering (LCE), design for the environment (DfE), dismantling
design (DD), design for recycling (DfR), and so on [
10
]. LCA is the most important
method in industrial ecology currently.
10.4.2.3
Eco-industrial Park Construction [
11
]
The material cycle works between producers, consumers, and decomposers in the
ecosystem. If all materials are used, the concept of waste is meaningless. However,
materials are moved in a linear fashion in industrial systems, from the manufacturer
to consumer and then directly into the air, water, or garbage dump. The waste can
be said a meaningless output by human activities. Usually, an eco-industrial park
optimizes the overall balance of matter and energy between the different industrial
enterprises in a certain geographical space, as well as industrial enterprises,
residents, and the natural ecosystem, and then forms a sustainable regional body
that shows efficient use of internal resources and energy and minimized emissions
of external waste.
Establish an efficient eco-industrial park simulates the natural ecosystem to
establish industrial logistics and a supply network, and the network is a circulation
within the logistics of closed-loop recycling. Specific measures can be taken, such
as the following: The new production process should maximize use of recycled
materials, use raw materials and energy efficiently, and minimize waste generation
and redetermine the value of the waste. In short, an efficient supply of food web
relationships in the eco-industrial park should be formatted between the individuals
(corporations). Therefore, there is no waste in the system, which should ensure that
all waste is understood and used as a product.
Different organisms through the food chain are interdependent or mutually
beneficial or beneficial for one side in accordance with the principles of ecology
“symbiosis.” The input and output of each production system (or business) may have
a close relationship with other production systems, which can be interconnected,
thereby reducing the input and output, reducing costs, and mitigating the pressure
released to the environment. Of course, the actual ability of cooperation and
symbiosis also depends on other factors, such as economic viability and policy
support [
11
].
