Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Canadian industrial cellulase and hemicellulase. In 2003, Iogen Corporation built a
cellulose fuel ethanol device of 40 t
d
1
(and combined with its enzyme production).
Since then, Iogen cooperated with Petro-Canada Corporation to build the world's
largest fuel ethanol plant with lignocellulosic wastes as raw materials, expecting
the production costs to be reduced to $0.24
L
1
after adopting new technologies.
In northern Sweden, a new ETEK Corporation (Ethanol Teknik) was built. For
this company, a total investment for the full set of industrial equipment was
C16
million; the production capacity was to deal with 2 t of dry biomass materials per
day, producing 400-500 L of alcohol.
In cellulase preparation, Genencor Corporation developed a new enzyme,
Accellerase 1000. It contains a variety of effective enzymes for catalyzing
lignocellulose into fermentable sugars. Novozymes Corporation identified several
new enzymes and configured a new cellulose enzyme complex to improve the
degradation of enzymes. In the cellulose saccharification and fermentation process,
the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, simultaneous saccharification
and cofermentation process, and the integration of biological processes have
been research hot topics in recent years. The best result for a simultaneous
saccharification and fermentation process for NREL was more than 80 % of the
cellulose converted into ethanol at 38
ı
C. In product separation, the international
focus is not only to develop pervaporation membrane separation technology for
the low concentration of ethanol but also to develop coupling of fermentation and
separation. In the building engineering, cellulosic ethanol technology began to enter
the demonstration phase of industrialization, and the international community has
built dozens of sets of pilot production lines or industrial pilot production lines.
For example, in 2004 Canadian Iogen built a cellulose ethanol demonstration plant
to handle 40 t of wheat straw per day, with an annual capacity of 260,000 gal of
ethanol, which is considered to be the largest device currently.
In China, the biomass fuel ethanol project is also developing rapidly. Chen
et al. had a unique advantage in various unit operations in the entire technology
chain of straw biotransformation to fuel ethanol and made enzymatic hydrolysis
of straw and fermentation to fuel ethanol successfully realize industrialization.
In 2006, Hongzhang et al. and Shandong Zesheng Corporation built a 3,000-t
demonstration project of straw biotransformation to fuel ethanol. In terms of
cellulase production, the new solid-state fermentation reaction devices allow the
average activity of cellulase using steam-exploded straw as a substrate reached
120 FPA
A
g
1
dry koji.
In terms of the cellulose saccharification and fermentation process, a synchronous
system of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation coupled with a hollow cellulose
membrane was established; in terms of product separation, an ethanol fermentation
and separation synchronous system was established. In addition, the straw solid-
phase enzymatic saccharification-liquid fermentation of ethanol-adsorption and
separation of the triple coupling system was built. The pilot production line achieved
stable operation [
55
].
g
1
dry koji, and the highest activity can be up to 210 FPA
