Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.3
Bioceramics and bioactive glasses for bone substitutes
Class
Material name
Chemical formula
Main resorption
References
Calcium
Phosphates
Calcium polyphosphate (CPP)
[Ca(PO
3
)
2
]
n
Cell mediated dissolution
(moderate)
(a)
Dicalcium phosphate (DCP)
CaHPO
4
Chemical dissolution
(fast)
(b)
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate
(DCPD)
CaHPO
4
*2H
2
O
Chemical dissolution
(fast)
(c)
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP)
Ca
8
(HPO
4
)
2
(PO
4
)
4
*5H
2
O
Cell mediated
dissolution (slow)
(d)
Tricalcium phosphate (TCP)
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
Cell mediated
dissolution (moderate)
(e)
Hydroxyapatite (HA)
Ca
10
(PO4)
6
(OH)
2
Cell mediated
dissolution (slow)
(f)
Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP)
Ca
4
P
2
O
9
Cell mediated
dissolution (moderate)
(g)
Calcium
Carbonate
Calcium carbonate
CaCO
3
Chemical dissolution
or cell mediated
(h)
Calcium
Sulfates
Hemihydrate
(Plaster of Paris)
CaSO
4
*0.5H
2
O
Chemical dissolution
(i)
Dihydrate
(Gypsum)
CaSO
4
*2H
2
O
Chemical dissolution
(i)
Bioactive
Glasses
Bioglass® 45S5
Na
2
O(24.5%) CaO (24.5%)
SiO2 (45%) P
2
O
5
(6%)
Partial dissolution
(very low)
(j)
Bioglass 58S
CaO (36%) SiO
2
(60%)
P
2
O
5
(4%)
Partial dissolution
(low)
(k)
Borate glass 13-93B3
Na
2
O (5.8%) K
2
O (11.7%)
MgO (4.9%) CaO (19.5%)
SiO
2
(34.4%) B
2
O
3
(19.9%)
Partial dissolution
(low)
(l)
Phosphate glass P
50
C
35
N
15
Na
2
O (9.3%) CaO (19.7%)
P
2
O
5
(71.0%)
Partial dissolution
(moderate)
(m)
(a) (
Pilliar
et al.
, 2013; Kandel
et al.
, 2006; Grynpas
et al.
, 2002; Pilliar
et al.
, 2007; Shanjani
et al.
, 2013
) (b) (
Gbureck, Hölzel,
Klammert,
et al.
, 2007
); (c) (
Gbureck, Hölzel, Klammert,
et al.
2007
;
Alge
et al.
, 2012
); (d) (
Anada
et al.
, 2008
); (e) (
Kim
et
al.
, 2014; Friesenbichler
et al.
, 2014
); (f) (
Bohner
et al.
, 2012; Bose and Tarafder, 2012
); (g) (
Moseke and Gbureck, 2010
); (h)
(
Bohner, 2010; Bohner
et al.
, 2012
); (i) (
Bohner, 2010
); (j) (
Rahaman
et al.
, 2011; Gerhardt and Boccaccini, 2010
); (k) (
Pereira
et
al.
, 2014
); (l) (
Rahaman
et al.
, 2011; Gerhardt and Boccaccini, 2010
); (m) (
Rahaman
et al.
, 2011; Gerhardt and Boccaccini, 2010
)
80%TCP, 20% HA) and experimentally in literature, where ceramic mixtures of HA and
b
-TCP (
Bose
and Tarafder, 2012; Sánchez-Salcedo et al., 2008; Maté-Sánchez de Val et al., 2014; Kobayashi and
Murakoshi, 2014
) or
b
-TCP and nanoscale HA (
Shuai et al., 2013
) were used to take advantage of the
intrinsic strength provided by HA, and the resorbable properties of
b
-TCP. Octacalcium phosphate
(OCP) has been known to transition to HA (
Anada et al., 2008
) and is further resorbed as HA.
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