Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
difficult to carry out rigorous capture and handling of autologous cells in a distributed, as opposed to
a centralized, fashion. It may be especially difficult to characterize the potency (i.e., ability to produce
the desired tissue) of all sources of autologous cells.
Bioreactor culturing of well-characterized cells may also offer the advantages of acclimatizing
cells to the scaffolds prior to implantation, uniform distribution of oxygen and nutrients through-
out the clinical-size bone substitutes, and controlling the amount, nature, and duration of mechanical
stimulation applied to seeded cells (
de Peppo, 2014
). Bioreactor culture of cells has been found to be
favorable for craniofacial applications such as the generation of the mandibular condyle (
Alhadlaq
and Mao, 2003
), auricular cartilage (
Alhadlaq et al., 2004
), the entire TMJ condylar bone (
Grayson
et al., 2010
), and dental applications such as periodontal tissue regeneration (
Jin et al., 2003
). The
protocol for the bioreactor cultivation of cells in tissue engineering of a TMJ by
Grayson et al., (2010)
is demonstrated in
Figures 9.8
and
9.9
.
FIGURE 9.9
Bioreactor cultivation for the development of human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyles: (a-d) scaffold
development; (d) image showing scaffold complexity; (e) The seeding of hMSCs in a bioreactor; (f) photograph
of perfusion bioreactor; (g-h) images representing bioreactor assembly.
Permission pending from (
Grayson
et al.,
2010
).
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