Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 1.5
(A) SEM image of highly aligned electrospun scaffold with 0.5% CNTs. (B) Confocal microscopy image of MSC
growth in a cold plasma modified nano bone scaffold. Blue represents cell nuclei stained by DAPI; red represents
cytoskeleton stained by rhodamine-phalloidin; gray represents the porous nHA/chitosan scaffold. Image is from
Wang et al. (2014)
. Confocal micrographs of neurons (green) cultured for 5 days on (C) the polystyrene substrate,
and (D) the parallel-aligned CNT yarns (black lines) substrate, respectively. Image is from
Fan et al. (2012)
. A color
version of this figure can be viewed online.
leaching (
Mikos et al
.
, 1994
;
Jiang et al
.
, 2007
), and freeze drying (
Whang et al
.
, 1995
) have been
widely used to fabricate 3D porous tissue scaffolds, which have been shown to influence cell functions
and improve cartilage and bone regeneration (
Castro et al
.
, 2012b
;
Zhang et al
.
, 2009b
). Recently, 3D
porous hydrothermally treated nHA/chitosan nanocomposite scaffolds have been fabricated through
a freeze-drying method with cold plasma treatment (
Wang et al
.
, 2014
). The results revealed that
all nHA-embedded, plasma-modified chitosan scaffolds (
Figure 1.5
B) significantly enhanced MSC
growth, migration, and osteogenic differentiation
in vitro
. In addition, for ligament tissue regenera-
tion, it has been shown that fibrous scaffolds employing natural silk are strong and relatively easy to
work with, and display biomimetic amino acids on the surface of the material, increasing stem cell
performance (
Chen et al
.
, 2012
). In that study, Chen et al
.
capitalized on the strength of a macrofibrous
knitted silk sponge scaffold coated with self-assembled RADA16 peptide nanofibers in the form of a
nanofibrous mesh to increase cell performance (
Chen et al
.
, 2012
). Scaffolds treated with RADA16
showed increased maximum tensile strength, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis compared to
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