THE POWER OF CAD/CAM LASER BIOPRINTING AT THE SINGLE-CELL LEVEL: EVOLUTION OF PRINTING - 3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - page 92

migration ( Chunhong Zheng et al., 2012 ). Information gleaned from arrays can then be compared to
in vivo observations by computation analysis simply by compiling a database of single-cell array re-
sponses. This is the type of unambiguous testing that drives research scientists to push the boundaries
of precision bioprinting technologies.
4.5.4 EXAMPLE SINGLE-CELL ARRAY VIA MAPLE-DW
Figure 4.10 is a 4 × 4 array pattern (800 m m center-to-center spacing) generated by MAPLE-DW and
populated by single MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (Phamduy, in press). The phase contrast
image was taken immediately after the printing process, so that the transferred gelatin droplets appear
raised on the gelatin-coated substrate. In addition, each droplet contains single cells in the trypsinized
state that will eventually attach to the underlying substrate surface.
4.5.5 LASER DIRECT WRITE FOR NEURONS
The nervous system represents the most complicated organ in the body, controlling all higher- order
faculties. As Tim Berners-Lee stated in 1999, “All that we know, all that we are, comes from the way
our neurons are connected.” Its fascinating complexity makes it one of the most difficult systems to
study. Many advances have been made in studying population level events in the brain (e.g. fMRI,
FIGURE 4.10
Single-cell array via LDW.