Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1
The name and function of selected key enzymes in bacterial, fungal, and plant species
that are affected by nickel
Species
References
1.
Urea amidohydrolase (Urease) (EC. 3.5.1.5)
: catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to release
two molecules of ammonia and one molecule of carbon dioxide (Klucas et al.
1983
).
Glycine max
(Soybean) Polacco (
1976, 1977
), Polacco and Havir (
1979
), Polacco
et al. (
1982
), Polacco and Sparks (
1982
), Klucas et al.
(
1983
), Eskew et al. (
1984
), Polacco and Winkler (
1984
)
Dalton et al. (
1985
)
Canavalia ensiformis
(Jack bean) Dixon et al. (
1975
), Blakely and Zerner (
1984
)
Pisum sativum
(Pea) Horak (
1985
)
Oryza sativa
(Rice) Gerendás et al. (
1998
), Moraes et al. (
2009
)
Cucurbita pepo
(Pumpkin) Gerendás and Sattelmacher (
1997a
)
Elymus condensatus
(Rye) Gerendás and Sattelmacher (
1997b
)
Carya illinoinensis
(Pecan) Bai et al. (
2006a, b, 2007)
, Reilly et al. (
2006
)
Vigna unguiculata
(Cowpeas) Eskew et al. (
1984
)
Lemna paucicostata
(Water lentil) Gordon et al. (
1978
)
Lycopersicon esculentum
(Tomato) Shimada et al. (
1980
), Tan et al. (
2000
)
Brassica napus
(Rapeseed) Gerendás and Sattelmacher (
1999
)
Aspergillus nidulans
Mackay and Pateman (
1980
)
Thiocapsa roseopersicina
Bast (
1988
)
Chromatium vinosum
Bast (
1988
)
Thiocystis violacea
Bast (
1988
)
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Rees and Bekheet (
1982
)
Tetraselmis subcordiformis
Rees and Bekheet (
1982
)
Helicobacter pylori
Olson et al. (
2001
), Benoit and Maier (
2003
), Mehta et al.
(
2003
)
Evernia prunastri
Pérezurria et al. (
1986
)
2.
Ni-Superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1)
: involves the binding of superoxide to the Ni
2+
center, generating a Ni
2+
-peroxo species that undergoes proton and electron transfer to
generate H
2
O
2
and the oxidized Ni
3+
center. Binding of a second superoxide generates a
Ni
3+
-peroxo intermediate, which donates an electron back to the Ni
3+
center to liberate O
2
and reform the starting Ni
2+
state (Ragsdale
2009
).
Triticum aestivum
(Wheat) Gerendás and Sattelmacher (
1997b
)
Glycine max
Soybean Gerendás and Sattelmacher (
1997b
)
Brassica napus
(Rapeseed) Gerendás and Sattelmacher (
1997b
)
Cucurbita pepo
(Pumpkin) Gerendás and Sattelmacher (
1997b
)
Helianthus annuus
(Sunlower) Gerendás and Sattelmacher (
1997b
)
Streptomyces seoulensis
Youn et al. (
1996a
), Lee et al. (
2002b
), Schmidt et al.
(
2007
)
Streptomyces griseus
Youn et al. (
1996b
)
Prochlorococcus marinus
Eitinger (
2004
)
Streptomyces coelicolor
Kim et al. (
1996
)
Streptomyces acidiscabies
Schmidt et al. (
2007
)
Streptomyces peucetius
Kanth et al. (
2010
)
NiFe hydrogenases (EC 1.18.99.1)
: catalyze the reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen
(H
2
); play a vital role in anaerobic microbial metabolism (Lubitz et al.
2007
).
Rhizobium japonicum
Klucas et al. (
1983
), Dalton et al. (
1985
), Soom et al. (
1993
)
(continued)
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