Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Essential Roles and Hazardous Effects
of Nickel in Plants
Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad and Muhammad Ashraf
Contents
1
Introduction.......................................................................................................................
126
2
Sources of Nickel Emission to the Environment ..............................................................
127
3
Nickel Availability and Uptake .........................................................................................
128
4
Transport and Distribution in Plants .................................................................................
129
5
Role of Nickel as a Micronutrient.....................................................................................
130
6
Causes and Symptoms of Nickel Deiciency in Plants .....................................................
133
7
Toxicity of Nickel in Plants ..............................................................................................
134
8
Effect of Nickel on Seed Germination ..............................................................................
135
8.1
Germination Percentage and Rate............................................................................
135
8.2
Seedling Growth ......................................................................................................
136
8.3
Nutrient Uptake and Transport ................................................................................
136
8.4
Amylase and Protease Activities .............................................................................
137
8.5
Changes in Carbohydrates .......................................................................................
137
8.6
Proteolytic and Ribonucleolytic Enzymes...............................................................
138
8.7
Changes in Proteins and Amino Acids ....................................................................
139
9
Effects of Nickel at the Vegetative Stage ..........................................................................
139
9.1
Growth Attributes ..................................................................................................
139
9.2
Membrane Permeability and Electrolyte Leakage.................................................
140
9.3
Photosynthetic Pigments........................................................................................
141
9.4
Photosynthesis .......................................................................................................
142
9.5
Water Relations......................................................................................................
143
9.6
Free Amino Acids..................................................................................................
144
9.7
Proline....................................................................................................................
145
9.8
Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants..........................................................
146
9.9
Soluble Proteins .....................................................................................................
146
9.10
Nutrient Accumulation ..........................................................................................
147
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