Image Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.1 Overall perceptual localization accuracy for (a) non-focused and (b) focused sources
when single and multiple virtual audio objects are created
Accuracy (%)
Deviation (%)
(a) Non-focused sources
Multiple source
94
3.5
Single source
88.3
6.8
(b) Focused sources
Multiple source
84
6
Single source
70
12
multiple broadband sound fields mix together. The side effect is called sound
masking and can help reduce undesirable acoustic errors in a room while also
increasing the ability to perceive depth and origin [
26
]. The sound masking effects
can restore a more natural 3D audio environment.
Conclusions
The feasibility of an immersive spatial audio technique based on WFS has
been discussed and validated with broadband virtual acoustic sources in
normal reverberation conditions in a studio. Acoustic source localisation can
effectively be achieved inside as well as outside the active control boundary
by using the spatial audio technique. The ability allows users to use wider depth
of virtual audio objects with other multimedia applications. The sound field
generated by the virtual audio objects covers most of the domain over a sweet
spot generated by conventional spatial audio applications.
In addition to the significant suppression of directional errors, the proposed
method is also able to produce the desirable sound effectively even when
there are some reverberations interfering with the sound and the system
characteristics, e.g. impedance, are not known. The results prove the robust-
ness and stability of the audio rendering system and demonstrate the potential
advantages of the method in practical applications under these conditions
required to implement a 3D multimedia system.
In many practical cases, e.g. spatial audio for home users, a bulky loud-
speaker array surrounding all the walls is not suitable to be mounted perma-
nently in a typical room. From a practical point of view, conventional WFS
hardware, especially loudspeaker arrays, should be scaled down in size. In
addition, a simple calibration method should be developed for user friendliness.
References
1. Theiler G, Wittek H (2004) Wave field synthesis: a promising spatial audio rendering concept.
Acoust Sci Technol 25(6):393-399
2. Pierce AD (1991) Acoustics. An introduction to its physical principles and applications.
McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, p 165
