Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 11.6
Original round concrete bound found buried near the edge of pavement. Steel rebars
allow bounds to be found using a metal detector
Stone or concrete bounds often have a drill hole or pin in the top. Sometimes
a hole is drilled then filled with lead and a tiny brass escutcheon pin is driven into
the lead. Modern surveying techniques can locate boundary corners to about 1/8 of
an inch, so it is now common to mark the top of the bound in some way in order
to maintain accuracy, otherwise it would not be possible to know exactly where the
property corner is located on the top of the bound. In days past, when surveying was
less precise, stone bounds were often not marked. If you run across an unmarked
bound the convention is to use the center of the top of the bound as the location of
the corner. An exception to using the center of a non-marked bound is sometimes
used with highway bounds. In this case, the center of the back face of the bound is
used, thereby placing the bound entirely within the road layout. This practice may
not be universal and may vary in different localities according to local custom.
If a bound is obviously leaning because of some past disturbance, the surveyor
should measure the amount of displacement and adjust the property corner accord-
ingly. Recall that the property corner is fixed by the original location of the monu-
ment, not the monument itself. In our example, the bound is merely evidence of the
original location. If the bound has obviously moved from its original location, then it
cannot be at the property corner. The field notes should contain a record of the meas-
urements made to the disturbed bound. In such cases it is prudent to photograph the
bound and keep the image with the survey files. The surveyor should always note
the distance and direction of the displacement on the plan or survey report. In cases
