Database Reference
In-Depth Information
mode, allowing DBA access only. The RECOVER option places a database
into recovery.
The PFILE parameter allows starting of the database with a specified
database configuration parameter file. Leaving the PFILE option out starts
up the database with whatever parameter file was used previously: a PFILE
text parameter file or an SPFILE binary parameter file.
Looking at the SHUTDOWN command, the following syntax applies.
Once again the default is highlighted.
SHUTDOWN [ NORMAL | TRANSACTIONAL | IMMEDIATE | ABORT ];
The NORMAL option waits for users to disconnect, does not allow new
connections, forcibly rolls back currently running transactions, and then
shuts down the database. A normal shutdown is the most prudent method
of rapidly shutting down an Oracle database and should always be used if
possible. The TRANSACTIONAL option automatically completes all
transactions, subsequently disconnecting all connected users and shutting
down the database. The IMMEDIATE option disconnects all users and
shuts down the database without committing or rolling back currently exe-
cuting transactions. Recovery may be required on database startup. The
ABORT option is abusive brute force and should never be used. Aborting
an Oracle database simply terminates all processes. The database will
require recovery on startup. The ABORT option can potentially corrupt an
Oracle database.
Note: Cleanup processing required by SHUTDOWN NORMAL is just as
fast as recovery processing caused to the following startup by SHUT-
DOWN ABORT. You will not save any time using SHUTDOWN
ABORT. Aborting a database causes similar recovery processing on startup.
Additionally, SHUTDOWN ABORT can corrupt your Oracle database.
Now let's see how Oracle Database can be enhanced and expanded upon
using various optional add-on pieces. Additional options are used to achieve
and increase certain aspects for an Oracle installation. Buzzwords in this
arena are scalability, high availability, distribution, easy management, plus
backup and recovery enhancements, among numerous other options.
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