Hydraulic Cement Systems for Stabilization/Solidification - Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes - page 49

4 Hydraulic Cement

Systems for Stabilization/
Solidification

Caijun Shi

CONTENTS

4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 49
4.2 Portland Cement-Based Materials ................................................................. 50
4.2.1 Portland Cement................................................................................. 50
4.2.1.1 Characterization and Hydration Chemistry........................ 50
4.2.1.2 S/S with Portland Cement .................................................. 52
4.2.2 Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement................................................. 54
4.2.3 Portland Pozzolan Cement................................................................. 55
4.2.3.1 Introduction......................................................................... 55
4.2.3.2 Hydration and Microstructure of Portland
Pozzolan Cements............................................................... 55
4.2.3.3 Portland Natural Pozzolan Cements................................... 56
4.2.3.4 Portland Fly Ash Cement ................................................... 56
4.2.3.5 Portland Silica Fume Cement............................................. 58
4.2.4 Portland Cement-Sodium Silicate System ........................................ 59
4.2.5 Polymer-Modified Portland Cement .................................................. 60
4.2.6 Masonry Cement ................................................................................ 61
4.3 Lime-Pozzolan Cement ................................................................................. 62
4.4 High-Alumina Cements ................................................................................. 64
4.5 Alkali-Activated Slag Cements...................................................................... 66
4.6 Cement Kiln Dusts......................................................................................... 69
4.7 Fly Ashes........................................................................................................ 70
References................................................................................................................ 70

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Hydraulic cement is widely used for stabilization/solidification (S/S) of low-level radio-
active, hazardous wastes, mixed wastes, and remediation of contaminated sites because
it has many advantages. 1,2 The S/S of contaminants by cements includes the following