Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
and field testing program indicated that the available lime index can be measured
using the “rapid sugar test method” described in Section 28 of ASTM C 25.
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12.7.4.3
Volume Increase
The excessive addition of reagents during treatment can result in a greater than
anticipated volume increase. Limiting volume increase is important if the treated
material is to be placed in an on-site landfill with limited storage space. For this
reason, monitoring of volume increase is often done during the treatability study,
field demonstration, or full-scale treatment. The excessive addition of reagents can
also result in higher treatment and off-site disposal costs.
12.7.4.4
Bulk Density and Moisture Content
Because the density of the additives and solids in the waste is usually much higher
than that of water, bulk density measurements for a mixture are expected to provide
an indication of the water-to-solid (W/S) ratio. For example, a linear correlation was
established in one case between the bulk density and the W/S with a correlation
coefficient of 0.998.
17
The moisture content of treated wastes can be measured
following ASTM D 2216 or ASTM D 4643.
18,19
Commercially available moisture
analyzers can be used as a quick measurement tool in field QA testing.
17
12.7.4.5
Consistency
The control of consistency is required to make sure that the treated waste has
adequate flowability or workability for handling and placement. Three standard
ASTM test methods for mix consistency or stiffness are cone slump,
25
K-slump,
26
and flow consistency
27
tests, for measurement of workability of concrete. These three
methods have been used for measurement of consistency of treated wastes. Other
non-standard tests are sometimes used for this purpose.
12.7.4.6
Concentration of Contaminants
Through the measurement of the concentrations of contaminants in the waste and
solidified waste forms, it can also be used to estimate the variation of the S/S
formulation. The analysis of contaminants in solidified waste forms can be measured
using USEPA methods.
9
12.8
TESTING HARDENED TREATED WASTE FORMS
Treated waste samples can be measured in the laboratory or in the field, as is done
for construction concrete samples. For hardened treated wastes, four common tests
are:
•
Strength or Penetration Resistance
•
Hydraulic Conductivity
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