Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.9
Performance Criteria for Utilization and Disposal Scenarios
15
Utilization Scenarios
Disposal Scenarios
Performance
Indicator
Unrestricted
Utilization
Controlled
Utilization
Segregated
Landfill
Sanitary
Landfill
Level
Expression
1
Contaminant
concentration
Tier 1: Screening-
based assessment
(availability)
Tier 2: Equilibrium-
based assessment
(over a range of pH
and L/S conditions)
[mg/kg]
[mg/L] of
leachate
No organics
Water quality
limit
(WQL)
4
No organics
5 × WQL
4
No limit
3
10 × WQL
4
100 ×
WQL
4
No limit
3
1
[mg/wet kg]
from waste
See Table
11.4
See Table
11.4
See Table
11.4
See Table
11.4
2
Contaminant mobility
in the matrix
2
Hydraulic conductivity
Physical strength
Before immersion
After immersion
Weathering
Leachability
Index
[m/s]
[kPa]
N/A
N/A
N/A
> 9
< 10
-9
> 8
> 10
-8
> 8
> 10
-8
2
2
440
350
Pass 12
cycles
< 10% weight
loss
N/A
440
350
Pass 12
cycles
< 10%
weight loss
Pass if
organic
content
> 10%
4400
3500
Pass 12
cycles
< 10%
weight
loss
Pass if
organic
content
> 10%
N/A
N/A
2
[% weight
loss]
2
Biodegradability
[pass/fail]
1
Not applicable.
2
Criterion is applicable to every target contaminant.
3
Local regulations may limit bulk concentrations of organic content and organic and inorganic contam-
inants in wastes.
4
e.g., Ontario Drinking Water Objectives,
108
but may vary according to the jurisdiction.
that there are a number of leaching tests available, and performance criteria for
different types of testing vary depending on the management scenario of the S/S
material.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This chapter is rewritten based on a report originally prepared for the UK Network
on Stabilisation/Solidification Treatment and Remediation (STARNET) (www-
starnet.eng.cam.ac.uk), which forms part of a volume entitled “Stabilisa-
tion/Solidification Treatment and Remediation: Advances in S/S for Waste and
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