Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
treatment residual that meets current Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) levels will usually be a good delisting candidate.
Under the EU Landfill Directive, 111 the acceptance limits for different categories
of landfill are set at EU or member state level. Wastes for disposal will be required
to meet the general interim waste acceptance criteria given in Schedule 1(1) of the
2002 Landfill Regulations and additional interim waste criteria set out for landfills
accepting hazardous waste, nonhazardous waste, and inert waste. Eventually, mem-
ber states are expected to set their own full criteria. For example, the UK Environ-
ment Agency 112 has set out the expected full criteria for acceptance of granular waste
to landfills in Table 11.6 and Table 11.7. These have been published to assist in the
consideration of permits for new landfills, and to allow producers and operators to
consider the implications of changing from interim to full criteria. The leaching limit
values given are calculated for total release at L/S = 2 and 10 l/kg, of the CEN
standard two-part batch test (BS EN12457: Part 3, see Section 11.2.2.1.7). The UK
Environment Agency is developing criteria for monolithic waste; until they are
available, tests and limiting values must be agreed to by the Environment Agency
on a case-by-case basis.
Performance criteria for remediation of contaminated land have been evolving
over the past two decades. In the UK, past practice has been to take guidance values
for contaminated land assessment and remediation from:
1.
ICRCL 59/83 114
2.
Contamination Classification Thresholds for Disposal of Contaminated
Soils 115
3.
The Dutch List 116
Although used in the past, these guidance values do not relate to the contaminated
land provisions of Part IIA of the UK Environment Protection Act of 1990. Con-
taminated land remediation criteria are now selected on the basis of risk assessment.
The acceptance criteria may be generic in some cases and site-specific in others. 117
CERCLA covers this for the U.S., where such criteria are formalized in a Record
of Decision (ROD) for the remediation (see Chapter 2 for a discussion of CERCLA
and RCRA). Generic soil guideline values (SGVs) have been determined using the
Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment (CLEA) model. Methodologies available
in the UK for deriving site-specific criteria include:
1.
Methodology for the derivation of remedial targets for soil and ground-
water to protect water resources. 118
2.
Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment. 119-122
3.
Method for deriving site-specific human health assessment criteria for
contaminants in soil. 123
4.
Risk-based corrective action (RBCA) protocol commonly used in ground-
water risk assessments. 124,125
5.
Risk-integrated software for clean-ups (RISC). 126
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