Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Water / Cement Ratio
FIGURE 2.3 Effect of water/cement ratio on coefficient of permeability of mature cement
pastes. 25
1.0E + (00)
1.0E-(02)
1.0E-(04)
1.0E-(06)
1.0E-(08)
1.0E-(10)
1.0E-(12)
1.0E-(14)
1.0E-(16)
1.0E-(18)
0 50 100 150 200 250
Age (days)
FIGURE 2.4 Effect of age on coefficient of permeability of cement paste with W/C = 0.51
(data from Reference 26).
to freezing/thawing cycles, and biodegradability. Most so-called “durability tests”
address the physical stability of the waste form over a period of time that is long for
laboratory testing, but short for the projected disposal life. Typically, some accelerated
tests are used to evaluate the stability of treated wastes over 90 days or shorter, although
some tests can be found spanning years.
The durability requirements for treated radioactive waste are slightly different
from treated hazardous wastes due to the differences in the nature of the wastes.
The recommended testing in the 1991 Technical Position paper of the USNRC
summarized some durability requirements for Class B and C wastes:
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