Testing and Performance Criteria for Stabilized/Solidified Waste Forms - Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes - page 295

TABLE 11.3
Typical Ranges of Values for Selected Test Methods 105

Physical Property Minimum Maximum

Bound water (%) 6.8 19.6

Bulk density (as is) (g/cm 3 ) 0.466 2.86

Bulk density (dry) (g/cm 3 ) 0.145 1.18

Bulk density (saturated) (g/cm 3 ) 1.6 1.97

Chloride permeability (mg/kg wet wt) 2540 21,110

Flow table spread diameter (cm) 10.5 13.6

Permeability (m/s) 4 × 10 -18 3.66 × 10 -6

Intrinsic permeability (m 2 ) 2.2 × 10 -17 1.74 × 10 -16

Modulus of elasticity (kPa) 10,200 2.1 × 10 7

Moisture content (% wet wt) 0.263 98

Oxygen permeability (m/s) 4.06 × 10 -16 5.33 × 10 -15

Penetration resistance (kPa) 16,000 52,400

Porosity (%) 2 75

Setting time — initial (minutes) 25 (25) 2400 (1650)

Setting time — final (minutes) 11 (65) 12,000 (2700)

Shrinkage/expansion (%) -9.3 × 10 -5 7

Slump (mm) 180 220

Soundness (cm) 0.09 4.12

Specific gravity 0.905 5.189

Tensile strength (kPa) 3.4 10,270

Unconfined compressive strength (kPa) 0 395,000

Water absorption @ 80°C (%) 12.5 19.4

USEPA TCLP (mg/L)
Leachate pH 1 12.78

As 4.92 17,510

Ba 22.73 418.2

Cd 0.3155 45,990

Cr (total) 2.718 58,070

Cu 0.8202 6291

Hg 9.79 × 10 -3 1828

Ni 0.95 57,930

Pb 3.918 46,940

Zn 0.85 299,100

While these values are indicative of properties typically achieved in S/S materials,
ideally, performance criteria must be chosen on the basis of environmental risk,
rather than technological capabilities. Table 11.4 lists the test methods and perfor-
mance criteria used in some commercial projects in the UK.
The following sections briefly discuss performance criteria under the headings
of contaminant leachability, unconfined compressive strength, hydraulic conductiv-
ity, and other durability tests.