Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
11.2.2.1.4 ASTM D3987 11
ASTM D3987 is a standard compliance-type test first issued in 1981 and last revised
in 1985. The intention of the test is to provide a rapid extraction procedure for
industry, but not to simulate site-specific conditions 5,6 . The test uses distilled/deion-
ized water at an L/S of 20:1 for 18 hours. Thus, the final leachate pH reflects the
pH of the material being tested.
11.2.2.1.5 DIN 38414 S4 12
DIN 38414 S4 is a standard batch leaching test, which has been widely used for
regulatory compliance purposes in Germany and Austria, as well as for general
assessment elsewhere. It uses distilled/deionized water at an L/S of 10:1 for 24
hours, which allows the test material to establish the pH. This test will be superseded
for regulatory use by the EN 12457 batch leaching tests and other tests recently
developed under CEN/TC 292.
11.2.2.1.6 The National Rivers Authority (NRA) Leaching Test 7
The NRA test is a standard single-batch compliance test, which was developed and
recommended by the National Rivers Authority for the purposes of general assess-
ment of the leachability of mainly inorganic contaminants from contaminated land
in the UK. 7 This method was developed as an alternative to more aggressive tests
such as the TCLP. It uses distilled/deionized water left to stand overnight (expected
pH 5.6), at an L/S of 10:1, for 24 hours. In practice, this initial leachant pH makes
little difference to the final leachate pH, which reflects that of the alkaline S/S
material. This test will also be superseded by BS EN 12457, developed, by CEN/TC
292 (see Section 11.2.2.1.7).
11.2.2.1.7 BS EN 12457 13
The BS EN 12457 method describes a series of batch leaching tests for granular
wastes and sludges, developed by CEN/TC 292 based on standard procedures DIN
38414 S4, AFNOR X-31 210, NEN 7343, and ONORM S 2072, primarily to support
the requirements for compliance testing within the European Union (EU) and Euro-
pean Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries. The intent of these tests is to identify
the leaching properties of waste materials. However, the standards have been devel-
oped to investigate mainly inorganic constituents and do not take into account the
particular characteristics of non-polar organic constituents or the consequences of
microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes. Each part specifies a distinct
procedure, and the annexes to the standards provide useful information on the
selection of the appropriate procedure, reference documents, and guidance on the
limitations of these procedures. The procedures for Parts 1 and 3 are only applicable
to wastes and sludges having a high solid content: the dry matter content ratio shall
be at least higher than 1:3. All parts use distilled/deionized water and have a total
contact time of 24 hours. The operating conditions for each part are summarized in
Table 11.1. It should be noted that Part 3 is carried out in two stages. The high L/S
tests may be considered to represent a form of accelerated leaching. 14
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