Testing and Performance Criteria for Stabilized/Solidified Waste Forms - Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes - page 282

11.4.10 Dry Density/Moisture Content Relation ....................................... 292
11.4.11 Slump ............................................................................................. 292
11.4.12 Flow ............................................................................................... 292
11.4.13 Setting Times ................................................................................. 292
11.4.14 Heat of Hydration .......................................................................... 292
11.4.15 Bound Water .................................................................................. 293
11.4.16 Shrinkage/Expansion ..................................................................... 293
11.4.17 Penetration Resistance ................................................................... 293
11.4.18 California Bearing Ratio (CBR).................................................... 293
11.4.19 Tensile Strength ............................................................................. 293
11.4.20 Modulus of Elasticity .................................................................... 293
11.4.21 Biodegradability............................................................................. 294
11.4.22 Microstructural Examination ......................................................... 294
11.5 Performance Criteria .................................................................................... 294
11.5.1 General ........................................................................................... 294
11.5.2 Contaminant Leachability.............................................................. 297
11.5.3 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) .................................... 301
11.5.4 Hydraulic Conductivity ................................................................. 302
11.5.5 Other Durability Tests ................................................................... 302
11.6 Integrated Evaluation Protocols ................................................................... 303
11.6.1 Introduction.................................................................................... 303
11.6.2 Integrated Evaluation Framework ................................................. 303
Tier 1: Screening Tests .................................................................. 304
Tier 2A: Solubility and Release as a Function of pH .................. 304
Tier 2B: Solubility and Release as a Function of L/S Ratio
(RU-SR003.1) ................................................................. 305
Tier 3: Mass Transfer Rate............................................................ 305
11.6.3 WTC Evaluation Protocol15 ......................................................... 305
11.6.3.1 Evaluation Framework .................................................... 305
11.6.3.2 Evaluation Approach....................................................... 306
11.7 Summary ...................................................................................................... 307
Acknowledgments.................................................................................................. 308
References.............................................................................................................. 309

11.1 INTRODUCTION

Whether in preparation for full-scale treatment, or to verify the effectiveness of
treated material in situ , it is necessary to assess the performance of a stabilized/solid-
ified (S/S) material in order to judge its improved properties and the effectiveness
of the binder matrix in containing contaminants. Various test methods have been
adopted in research and practice to assess the efficiency of S/S processes. 1-5 Such
assessment could be generally categorized as:

• Basic information tests, which measure basic material properties (e.g.,

grading, plasticity, particle density, total contaminant concentration).
These tests are often referred to as index tests.