Microstructure and Microchemistry of Waste Forms - Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes

Environmental Engineering Reference

In-Depth Information

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

AFm:

Monosulfate

AFt:

Ettringite

BFS:

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

CH:

Calcium Hydioxide

C-S-H:

Calcium Silicate Hydrate. The dashes in between means that there is

no definite stoichiometric relationship between the three constituents.

DSC:

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

DTG:

Derivative Thermogravimetry

EDX:

Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry

eV:

Electron volt

EXAFS:

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure

TG:

Thermogravimetry

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

μm:

Micrometer

nm:

Nanometer

OM:

Optical Microscopy

OPE:

Ordinary portland cement

PDF:

International Center for Crystal Diffraction, Powder Diffraction File

SCM:

Supplementary Cementing Material

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

W/S:

Water to solid ratio

XAFS:

X-ray Absorption Fine Structure

XANES:

X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure

XRD:

X-ray Diffractometry

XRF:

X-ray Fluorescence

REFERENCES

1.

Mindess, S. and Young, J. F., Concrete , Prentice-Hall, New York, 1981.

2.

Taylor, H., Cement Chemistry, Thomas Telford, London, 1997.

3.

Hagamand, E., Spectroscopy for Materials Scientist , John Wiley & Sons, New York,

2003.

4.

Ewing, R. C. and Wang, L., Phosphates as Nuclear Waste Forms, in Phosphates -

Geochemical, Geobiological, and Materials Importance , Kohn, M. J., Rakovan, J.,

and Hughes, J. M. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 2002, pp.

673-699.

5.

Eighmy, T. T., Crannell, B. S., Butler, L. G., Cartledge, F. K., Emery, E. F., Oblas,

D., Krzanowski, J. E., Eusden, J. D., Shaw, E. L., and Francis, C. A., Heavy metal

stabilization in municipal solid waste combustion dry scrubber residue using soluble

phosphate, Environmental Science & Technology 31 (11), 3330-3338, 1997.

6.

Eusden, J. D., Gallagher, L., Eighmy, T. T., Crannell, B. S., Krzanowski, J. R., Butler,

L. G., Cartledge, F. K., Emery, E. F., Shaw, E. L., and Francis, C. A., Petrographic

and spectroscopic characterization of phosphate-stabilized mine tailings from Lead-

ville, Colorado, Waste Management 22 (2), 117-135, 2002.

Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes

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