Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
9
Microstructure and
Microchemistry of Waste
Forms
Amitava Roy and Frank Cartledge
CONTENTS
9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 199
9.2 Microstructural Characteristics of Cement Pastes and Cement-Based
Waste Forms................................................................................................. 200
9.3 Analytical Techniques .................................................................................. 201
9.4 Microscopic Characterization of S/S Waste Forms..................................... 202
9.5 Microchemistry ............................................................................................ 206
9.5.1 X-Ray Analysis ................................................................................ 207
9.5.2 Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy ....................................................... 207
9.5.3 X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) Spectroscopy ............... 209
9.5.4 Thermal Analysis ............................................................................. 212
9.5.5 XRD ................................................................................................. 214
9.5.6 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy........................... 216
9.6 Examples of Solidification/Stabilization ..................................................... 218
9.6.1 Behavior of Chromium in a Simulated Waste Form....................... 218
9.6.2 Structural Characterization of a Solidified Synthetic
Waste Form ...................................................................................... 219
9.6.3 Structural Characterization of Field Cement-Solidified
Contaminated Soil............................................................................ 220
9.7 Concluding Remarks.................................................................................... 222
Acknowledgment ................................................................................................... 223
Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................. 224
References.............................................................................................................. 224
9.1
INTRODUCTION
Microstructural investigations of materials trace their history to the development of
light microscopy in the 1600s. The premise that detailed structural information can
lead to understanding of their history, function, macroscopic properties, and so on
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