Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
conventional portland cement concrete following exposure to mineral acid. Perfor-
mance of SPC under various chemical environments is summarized in Table 6.3.2.
3
The mechanical and chemically resistant properties of SPC make it a good
candidate matrix material for the microencapsulation and macroencapsulation of
low-level radioactive, hazardous, and mixed wastes. In these solidification applica-
tions, a broad range of waste products is substituted for the aggregate used to form
sulfur polymer concretes. For example, contaminated soil, sludges, evaporator con-
centrates, and incinerator ash have been successfully solidified in SPC. In a related
process application, SPC can be made to react with the contaminants in the waste
(e.g., toxic metals) to form low-solubility, leach-resistant compounds, which are then
physically encapsulated within the waste form.
TABLE 6.3.2
USBM Industrial Testing Results of SPC Materials
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Environment
Performance
Sulfuric acid
Copper sulfate-sulfuric acid
Magnesium chloride
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Zinc sulfate-sulfuric acid
Slimes-electrolytic residue
Nickel sulfate
Vanadium sulfate-sulfuric acid
Uranium sulfate-sulfuric acid
Potash brines
Manganese oxide-sulfuric acid
Hydrochloric acid-nitric acid
Mixed nitric-citric acid
Ferric chloride-sodium chloride-hydrochloric acid
Boric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Citric acid
Acidic and biochemical
Sodium chlorate-hypochlorite
Ferric and chlorate ion
Sewage
Hydrofluoric acid
Glyoxal-acetic acid-formaldehyde
Chromic acid
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Attacked by organics used to process residues
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Attacked by 10% NaOH
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Attacked by solution at 50 to 60°C
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Deteriorated at 80°C and 90% concentration,
marginal at lower temperature and
concentration
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