Other Binders - Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes - page 116

TABLE 6.2.1
Waste Acceptance Criteria and Examples of Ceramicrete Waste Forms that
Meet the Criteria

Criterion Example Selected in this Article

Leaching of contaminants 1. Hazardous metals: Wastewater and contaminated soil,

simulated ash waste, Pb-lined gloves, Hg-contaminated
bulbs
Fission products:
Tc: technetium partitioned from high-level waste tanks,
debris from contaminated pipes from K-25 Gaseous
Diffusion plant at Oak Ridge
Cs: from salt supernate and sludge, silico titanates, and
wastewater
Radioactive components:
Ra: Fernald silo waste
Transuranics: simulated and actual Rocky Flats ash waste,
wastewater

2.

3.

Leaching of salts Simulated salt waste streams (both supernate and sludge)

Leaching of matrix components Simulated salt waste streams (both supernate and sludge)

Physical properties All of the above

Ignitability Simulated salt waste

Radiolyses U-Pu alloy, Pu-contaminated ash

Pyrophoricity Oxidation of Ce 2 O 3 to CeO 2

TABLE 6.2.2
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Levels for
Surrogate Waste Form (mg/L)

Element Ba Cr Ni Pb

Level in waste (ppm) 1077 5360 4890 8600

Leaching level (mg/L) 0.68 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.10

UTS limit (mg/L) 1.2 0.86 5.00 0.37

Another study stabilized soil contaminated with hazardous contaminants and
low-level radioactive wastewater into a single waste form. 9 The wastewater provided
the stoichiometric amount of water needed in the Ceramicrete slurry for the stabi-
lization process. The total waste loading was 77 wt%, including the wastewater. The
waste forms had an open porosity of 2.7 vol% and a density of 2.17 kg/l. Compressive
strength was 33.9 MPa (4910 psi). Both TCLP and ANSI/ANS-16.1-2003 leaching
test results on the waste forms indicate leach resistance well within regulatory
requirements and a high leachability index (see Table 6.2.3). The Hg TCLP leachate
concentration was 0.0015 mg/L, less than one tenth of the UTS limit of 0.025 mg/L.