Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
6
Other Binders
Robert C. Moore, Arun Wagh, Paul D. Kalb,
Gerald W. Veazey, Earl W. McDaniel, and
Darryl D. Siemer
Chapter 6 is organized differently than the other chapters. It consists of five sections,
each discussing a different matrix: (1) phosphate, (2) Ceramicrete, (3) sulfur polymer
cement, (4) gypsum, and (5) hydroceramics. Each section has its own author(s) and
references. Thus, they are “mini-chapters.”
CONTENTS
6.1 Phosphate Stabilization and Immobilization of Heavy Metal and
Radionuclide Contaminants ........................................................................... 98
References.............................................................................................................. 107
6.2 Ceramicrete: An Alternative Radioactive Waste Form................................ 112
6.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 112
6.2.2 The Ceramicrete Process and Its Chemistry ................................... 113
6.2.3 Mechanisms of Immobilization ....................................................... 113
6.2.4 S/S of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes with Ceramicrete......... 115
6.2.4.1 Stabilization of Hazardous Contaminants ........................ 115
6.2.4.2 Stabilization of Fission Products...................................... 117
6.2.4.3 Stabilization of Radioactive Elements ............................. 118
6.2.4.4 Salt Stabilization ............................................................... 118
6.2.5 Evaluation of Radiolytic Gas Generation........................................ 118
6.2.6 Summary .......................................................................................... 119
References.............................................................................................................. 120
6.3 Sulfur Polymer Cement (SPC) .................................................................... 121
References.............................................................................................................. 128
6.4
Envirostone Gypsum Cement in Radioactive Waste Stabilization ............. 130
6.4.1
Introduction ...................................................................................... 130
6.4.2
Use of Envirostone at Los Alamos National Laboratory................ 131
6.4.2.1
Free-Liquid Generation from Envirostone ....................... 132
6.4.2.2
Leaching Performance of Envirostone ............................. 133
6.4.3
Experience with Envirostone at Rocky Flats .................................. 133
6.4.4
Additional Instances of Envirostone Use ........................................ 134
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