Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
because of a lack of a clear enunciation of the role and limits of the categories of the system. These
and some other principles incorporated in the system must be periodically revisited to ensure that
changes are made according to reasonable rationales. Expediency and strong views of peers are
insufÝcient reasons to make changes.
TodayÔs enviro- and infocentric world demands good databases and for soil resources, Soil
Taxonomy is probably the best system to guide their use and management. Its hierarchical nature
enables data clustering at all scales, from Ýeld to farm to watersheds and continents. The quantitative
approach reduces bias in the clustering of individuals, and enhances the ability to aggregate units
into higher categories. These attributes have attained a greater importance than when the system
was conceived in 1960. These and issues of the kind highlighted in the paper are aspects of the
system that we must bear in mind as we continue the task of making this an international soil
classiÝcation system.
REFERENCES
Afanasev, I.N. 1928. Soil classiÝcation problems in Russia.
Proc. 1st Int. Congr. of Soil Sci.
4:498. Washington,
DC.
Alexander, L.T. and Cady, J.G. 1962. Genesis and hardening of laterites in soils. USDA Tech. Bull., 1282.
Aubert, G. 1958. ClassiÝcation des Sols. Compte Rendu, Reunion Sous-comite, Congo, Brazzaville.
Baldwin, M., Kellogg, C.E., and Thorp, J. 1938. Soil ClassiÝcation. Soils and Men. U.S. Dept. Agric. Yearbook.
U.S. Government Printing OfÝce, Washington, DC, 979Ï1001.
Baldwin, M. 1928. The gray-brown podzolic soils of the eastern United States. First Int. Congr. Soil Sci.,
Washington, DC. 4:276Ï282.
Beinroth, F.H. and Panichapong, S., Eds. 1978a. Proceedings of Second International Soil ClassiÝcation
Workshop. Part II, Thailand. Publ. Dept. of Land Development, Bangkok, Thailand.
Beinroth, F.H. and Paramanathan, S. Eds. 1978b. Proceedings of Second International Soil ClassiÝcation
Workshop. Part I, Malaysia. Publ. Dept. of Land Development, Bangkok, Thailand.
Beinroth, F.H., Uehara, G., and Ikawa, H. 1974. Geomorphic relations of Oxisols and Ultisols on Kauai,
Hawaii.
38:128Ï131.
Beinroth, F.H., Neel, H., and Eswaran, H., Eds. 1983. Proceedings of the Fourth International Soil ClassiÝcation
Workshop, Rwanda. Part 1: Papers; Part 2: Field Trip Background and Soil Data. Agric. Editions 4,
ABOS-AGDC, Brussels, Belgium.
Beinroth, F.H., Camargo, M.N., and Eswaran, H., Eds. 1986. Proceedings of the Eighth International Soil
ClassiÝcation Workshop: Characterization, ClassiÝcation, and Utilization of Oxisols. Brazil Publ.
EMBRAPA-SNLCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Bennema, J., Lemos, R.C., and Vetturs, L. 1959. Latosols in Brazil. IIIrd Inter-African Soils Conference,
Dalaba. I:273Ï281.
Botelho da Costa, J.V. 1954. Sure quelques questions de nomenclature des sols des regions tropicales. Compte
Rendu Conf. Int. Sols Africains, Leopoldville, Congo. 2:1099Ï1103.
Botelho da Costa, J.V. 1959. Ferralitic, tropical fersiallitic and tropical semi-arid soils: deÝnitions adopted in
the classiÝcation of the soils of Angola. IIIrd Inter-African Soils Conference, Dalaba. I:317Ï319.
Buchanan, F. 1807. A journey from Madras through the countries of Mysore, Kanara and Malabar. East India
Co., London, 2:436Ï461.
Buol, S.W. and Eswaran, H. 2000. Oxisols.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.
68:152Ï195.
Charter, C.F. 1958. Report on the environmental conditions prevailing in Block A, Southern Province, Taga-
nyika Territory, with special reference to the large-scale mechanized production of ground-nuts. Ghana
Department of Soil and Land Use Survey, Occasional Paper 1.
Cline, M.G. 1949. Basic principles of soil classiÝcation.
Adv. Agron.
Soil Sci.
67:81Ï91.
Cline, M.G. 1963. Logic of the new system of soil classiÝcation.
Soil Sci.
96:17Ï22.
Cline, M.G. 1975. Origin of the term Latosol.
39:162.
Cline, M.G. et al. 1955. Soil survey of the territory of Hawaii. USDA Soil Survey Series 1939. No. 25.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.
