Agriculture Reference
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change, but they garner public support for soil science. There is mutual dependence. Technical
classiÝcations rely on the existence of sound identiÝcation of soil properties provided by a scientiÝc
system. The scientiÝc system relies on the technical system to garner Ýnancial support and political
conÝdence in the value of soil science expertise. Without a philosophy that encompasses both
scientiÝc wholeness of what soil is and temporal response to technological and political needs by
identifying what soil does, soil classiÝcation is incomplete.
REFERENCES
Cline, M.G. 1949. Basic principles of soil classiÝcation.
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Cline, M.G. 1977. Historical highlights in soil genesis and classiÝcation.
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Dokuchaev, V.V. 1883. Russian Chernozem (Russkii Chernozem). (Transl. from Russian by N. Kaner.) Israel
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Hilgard, E.W. 1914.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
Soils.
Macmillan, New York.
Jenny, H. 1941.
Factors of Soil Formation: A System of Quantitative Pedology
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Johnson, W.M. 1963. The pedon and polypedon
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27:212Ï215.
Kubiena, W.L. 1948.
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Kellogg, C.E. 1937. Soil Survey Manual. USDA Miscellaneous Publ. No. 274, p. 136.
Mill, J.S. 1891.
Entwicklungslehre des Bodens
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Smith, G.D. 1968. The Guy Smith Interviews: Rationale for Concepts in Soil Taxonomy. SMSS Tech. Monogr.
No. 11. USDA-SCS and Cornell University, p. 259.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil Survey Manual. USDA Handbook No. 18, U.S. Government Printing
OfÝce, Washington, DC, p. 437.
Soil Survey Staff. 1951. Soil Survey Manual. USDA, Agr. Res. Adm. Agric. Handbook No. 18, U.S. Govern-
ment Printing OfÝce, Washington, DC, p. 503.
Soil Survey Staff. 1960. Soil ClassiÝcation: A Comprehensive SystemÐ7
A System of Logic
th
Approximation. USDA-SCS, p.
265.
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil Taxonomy: A Basic System of Soil ClassiÝcation for Making and Interpreting
Soil Surveys (2
edition). Agric. Handbook No. 436. USDA-NRCS, U.S. Government Printing OfÝce,
Washington, DC, p. 869.
Whitney, M. 1905. The Work of the Bureau of Soils. USDA, Bur. of Soils. Circular No. 13, p.15.
nd
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