Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
10
CHAPTER
Development of Soil Classification in China
Zi-tong Gong, Gan-lin Zhang, and Zhi-cheng Chen
CONTENTS
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................102
Background of Natural Environment of China .............................................................................103
Environmental Factors..........................................................................................................103
Major Ecological Regions of China ....................................................................................104
Soil IdentiÝcation in Ancient China ..............................................................................................105
Long History of Agriculture.................................................................................................105
Agriculture in Ancient China ...............................................................................................105
The Earliest Records of Soil Knowledge ............................................................................106
The Earliest Soil ClassiÝcation ............................................................................................106
The Earliest Soil Exhibition.................................................................................................106
Development of Modern Soil ClassiÝcation in China ..................................................................107
Early Marbut System............................................................................................................107
Genetic Soil ClassiÝcation ...................................................................................................108
Taxonomic Soil ClassiÝcation..............................................................................................109
SpeciÝc Characteristics of CSTC ..................................................................................................110
Based on the Diagnostic Horizons and Diagnostic Characteristics ....................................110
Using Soil Genetic Theories as the Guide ..........................................................................110
Linkages with International Soil ClassiÝcation ...................................................................111
Unique Features of the Soils of China ................................................................................111
Soil Orders in CSTC......................................................................................................................112
Keys to Soil Orders ..............................................................................................................112
Characteristics and Distribution of Soil Orders...................................................................114
Correlation to Other Systems...............................................................................................117
Anthrosols in CSTC.......................................................................................................................117
Human InÞuence in Modern Times .....................................................................................117
Diagnostic Horizons of Anthrosols ......................................................................................118
Anthraquic Epipedon................................................................................................118
Hydragric Horizon....................................................................................................118
101
