Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 2.33 Classic shock wave curve of 30 m away from explosion center
2.4.2 Explosion of Liquid Explosives on the Ground
The application of liquid explosives refers the explosion in rocks and earth. The
stratum (including rocks and soil) is a kind of nonuniform media. There are large
gaps between rocks and rocks, rocks and the soil, soil and soil. Even in the same
rocks, there are big differences in the textures, structures, or mechanical properties.
Study of explosion in the rocks is more complex compared to that in the air or under
water. To study the impact of liquid explosives in the mining, explosions in in
nite
rocks and in
nite half rocks are discussed here.
2.4.2.1 Explosion Characteristics Inside Rocks and Soil
Physical phenomena of explosion in in
nite rocks. Figure
2.34
represents the
explosion cross section of spherical or cylindrical explosives. After ignition, det-
onation waves spread at the same speeds. The transportation velocities depend on
the species of explosives. The transportation of liquid explosive waves is faster than
that of stress waves in the rocks. The deformation of rocks and soil is much slower.
So in the explosion, the surrounding media is approximately impacted directly from
explosion products. And the impacts from detonation positions and detonation
waveforms are negligible. So the explosion in the rocks is a classical spherical
detonation. The explosion induces the fast deformation process. There is no heat
exchange between the surrounding media and detonation productive gases. This
explosion is an adiabatic process.
After detonation, the pressure of explosion product gases reaches several ten kilo
atmospheres. Under the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure explosion
product gases, the surrounding rocks are severely compressed. Their structures are
damaged, and particles are crushed, even are lique
ed suddenly. The whole rocks
move radially, and exclusion zone or empty zone are formed. Outside the zone,
deformation slip surfaces are induced. Inside the zone, structure damage and crush
