Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
calculation of theoretical A max , the heat transfer of gas
solid and gas
liquid should
-
-
be taken into consideration.
For the explosion in free space, the separation of shock waves from detonation
fronts sometimes occurs before the heat transfer of gas-condensed states. The
energy transferred to shock waves is only part of the explosion heat/energy. When
explosion occurs in the air, not all chemical reactions are complete because of the
scattering of reactants, and the explosion heat/energy is not used completely and
ef
ts the
above reactions. When the radius r 0 of the packed explosive and the particles radius
r are
ciently in work. Increasing the diameter of the packed explosive bene
fixed, 70 % of chemical energy is transferred into shock waves.
Though the detonation pressure is not as high as brisant explosives, the reaction time
of detonation is longer. Followed by the explosion products impacting the surrounding
media and the formation of shock waves, the action time of positive pressure is much
longer than the condensed explosives. This is the key feature of explosion from liquid
explosives. Figure 2.30 is the explosion of 3,000 g liquid explosive.
(1) The damage of air shock waves for buildings
The damage ability and degree of air shock waves for buildings are related with
the building
s vibration periods, and the action time t + of positive pressure of air
shock waves. Most experiments show that when tþ=T þ = T
'
:
0
25, the impulse of air
Fig. 2.30 Explosion of 3 kg liquid explosives
Fig. 2.31 Deconstruction/damage of n-butyl nitrate for brick structure buildings, a before
explosion, b in explosion, c after explosion
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